Packet Switching in Networks (3 marks)
Explain the concept of packet switching and discuss its role in data transmission across networks.
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3.1 Networks
Routing Methods in Networks (2 marks)
Identify and explain two methods of routing traffic on a network.
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Calculation of Routing Costs (2 marks)
Describe how routing costs are calculated and discuss one factor that might influence the cost of routing data in a network.
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Contents of a TCP/IP Packet (4 marks)
Describe the typical contents of a TCP/IP packet. List and briefly explain four main components found in a TCP/IP packet.
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Networking Protocols in the OSI Model (4 marks)
Match each of the following protocols to the correct layer(s) of the OSI model they primarily operate in: HTTP, SMTP, FTP, and TCP. Provide a brief explanation for each.
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IP and Ethernet in Network Communications (4 marks)
Describe the roles of IP and Ethernet in network communications, indicating which OSI layer each operates in and how they contribute to data transmission.
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Secure Communication Protocols (3 marks)
Explain the importance of HTTPS in secure communications. Compare it with HTTP in terms of functionality and security.
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WiFi Standards (2 marks)
Describe the purpose of the WiFi (802.11) standards and explain how it fits into the OSI model.
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The OSI Model (7 marks)
Describe the purpose of three specific layers in the 7-layer Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model: the Transport layer, the Network layer, and the Application layer.
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Network Topologies (4 marks)
Compare and contrast star and mesh network topologies. Discuss one advantage and one disadvantage for each topology mentioned.
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